Domain 01 · ESP32 & IoT Development · 127+ Projects

ESP32 & IoT
Development Hub

Complete microcontroller catalog, sensor modules, power systems, communication protocols, and 127+ buildable products. From $4 ESP32 to $200+ finished products you can sell.

Explore Components ↓ $214 Starter Kit Complete Products →
$4-8
ESP32 Cost
$15-20
Solar System
$25-60
Product Cost
$80-200
Selling Price
1-2 wk
Dev Time
$214
Starter Kit
MICROCONTROLLERS

Choose Your
Brain

From $2 Arduino Nanos to AI-capable ESP32-S3 modules. The ESP32 family is the primary platform for IoT products due to built-in WiFi, Bluetooth, and dual-core processing at unbeatable prices.

Arduino Family

Classic prototyping boards — great for learning, limited for production IoT.

BoardPriceProcessorWiFiBluetoothBest For
Arduino Nano $2-5 ATmega328P 16MHz No No Learning, simple sensors
Arduino Uno R4 WiFi $27.50 Renesas RA4M1 48MHz Yes (ESP32-S3) BLE Education, prototyping
Arduino Nano 33 IoT $25 SAMD21 48MHz Yes (u-blox) BLE Compact IoT projects
🔷 ESP32 Family (Primary Platform)

The go-to microcontrollers for IoT products. Built-in WiFi + Bluetooth, dual-core, and incredibly affordable.

BoardPriceProcessorRAMWiFiBluetoothSpecialBest For
ESP32 DevKit V1 $4-8 Dual-core 240MHz 520KB 802.11 b/g/n Classic + BLE 38 GPIO, Hall sensor General IoT (recommended start)
ESP32-S3 DevKit $8-15 Dual-core 240MHz 512KB + PSRAM 802.11 b/g/n BLE 5.0 AI acceleration, USB OTG AI/ML, camera, voice
ESP32-CAM $6-12 Dual-core 240MHz 520KB + 4MB PSRAM 802.11 b/g/n Classic + BLE OV2640 camera, MicroSD Vision, surveillance, timelapse
ESP32-C3 SuperMini $3-6 Single RISC-V 160MHz 400KB 802.11 b/g/n BLE 5.0 Ultra-compact, low power Battery sensors, wearables
ESP32-C6 $5-10 RISC-V 160MHz 512KB WiFi 6 BLE 5.3 Thread/Zigbee, WiFi 6 Smart home, Matter protocol
🍃 Raspberry Pi Pico W

Alternative microcontroller with MicroPython support.

BoardPriceProcessorRAMWiFiBest For
Raspberry Pi Pico W $6-10 RP2040 Dual ARM 133MHz 264KB 802.11n + BLE 5.2 MicroPython, PIO, education
📊 Quick Comparison
FeatureArduino NanoESP32 DevKitESP32-S3ESP32-C3Pico W
Price$2-5$4-8$8-15$3-6$6-10
WiFiNoYesYesYesYes
BluetoothNoClassic+BLEBLE 5.0BLE 5.0BLE 5.2
Cores12212
Clock16MHz240MHz240MHz160MHz133MHz
AI CapableNoBasicYesNoNo
IoT RatingLowExcellentBestGoodGood
POWER SYSTEMS

Power Modules &
Solar Systems

Battery charging ICs, voltage regulators, solar panels, and complete off-grid power solutions. The backbone of every portable and outdoor IoT device.

🔋 Battery Charging Modules

ICs for charging lithium batteries from USB or solar panels.

ModulePriceInputCharge CurrentFeaturesBest For
TP4056 $0.50-1.50 5V USB / Solar 1A (adjustable) Protection circuit, LED indicators Most IoT projects (go-to charger)
IP5306 $1-2 5V USB 2.1A Power bank IC, boost output, LED gauge Power banks, USB output devices
CN3791 $2-5 4.8-6V Solar 4A max MPPT solar charging Solar-powered projects
BQ24650 $3-8 5-28V Solar Configurable True MPPT, multi-chemistry Advanced solar, 12V systems
Voltage Regulation Modules

Step-down (buck), step-up (boost), and linear regulators for clean power rails.

ModulePriceTypeInputOutputCurrentEfficiency
LM2596 $1-2 Buck (step-down) 4.5-40V 1.25-35V adj. 3A ~92%
MP1584 $0.80 Buck (step-down) 4.5-28V 0.8-20V adj. 3A ~95%
XL4015 $2-3 Buck (step-down) 8-36V 1.25-32V adj. 5A ~96%
MT3608 $0.50 Boost (step-up) 2-24V 5-28V adj. 2A ~93%
XL6009 $1.50 Boost (step-up) 3-32V 5-35V adj. 4A ~94%
AMS1117-3.3 $0.20 Linear (LDO) 4.5-12V 3.3V fixed 1A ~70%
🔋 Batteries & Holders
TypePriceVoltageCapacityNotes
18650 Li-ion Cell $2-5 3.7V nominal 2000-3500mAh Most common for IoT; use protected cells
18650 Battery Holder $0.50-1 -- 1-4 slots Single, dual, or quad holders with leads
LiPo Battery Pack $3-10 3.7V 500-5000mAh Flat form factor, JST connector; ideal for compact builds
☀️ Solar Panels

From mini panels for trickle charging to XL panels for 12V systems.

SizePriceVoltagePowerDimensionsBest For
Mini 5V 1W $2 5V 1W (200mA) ~110x60mm Trickle charge, small sensors
Small 6V 2W $3-5 6V 2W (330mA) ~136x110mm ESP32 IoT devices (recommended)
Medium 6V 3.5W $5-8 6V 3.5W (580mA) ~165x135mm Continuous operation devices
Large 12V 5W $8-12 12V 5W (420mA) ~250x200mm Multi-sensor stations, pumps
XL 12V 10W $15 12V 10W (830mA) ~340x280mm Irrigation controllers, security

Typical Solar-Powered IoT Circuit

Solar Panel (6V 2W) | v TP4056 Charging Module (with protection) | v 18650 Li-ion Battery (3.7V, 2600mAh) | v MT3608 Boost Converter ---> 5V Rail | v AMS1117-3.3 LDO ---------> 3.3V Rail ---> ESP32 | v Sensors, Relays, Display (powered from 3.3V or 5V rail)
SENSORS & MODULES

Sensors for
Every Application

50+ sensors organized by category. Each listing includes typical price, interface, and recommended use cases for IoT products.

🌡️

Environmental Sensors

Temperature, humidity, pressure, and light measurement

SensorPriceMeasuresInterfaceAccuracyBest For
DHT11 $1-2 Temperature + Humidity Digital (1-wire) ±2°C, ±5% RH Basic projects, learning
DHT22 / AM2302 $3-5 Temperature + Humidity Digital (1-wire) ±0.5°C, ±2% RH Weather stations, greenhouses
BME280 $3-6 Temp + Humidity + Pressure I2C / SPI ±1°C, ±3% RH Weather stations, altitude (recommended)
DS18B20 $1-3 Temperature (waterproof) Digital (1-wire) ±0.5°C Water temp, soil temp, HVAC
BH1750 $1-2 Light intensity (lux) I2C 1 lux resolution Smart lighting, greenhouses
💧

Water & Soil Sensors

Moisture, pH, water quality, flow, and level measurement

SensorPriceMeasuresInterfaceNotesBest For
Capacitive Soil Moisture $1-3 Soil moisture level Analog Corrosion-resistant (no exposed metal) Smart irrigation (recommended)
pH Sensor + Board $10-20 pH 0-14 Analog Needs calibration; probe wears out Hydroponics, aquaponics, water quality
TDS Meter Module $3-8 Total Dissolved Solids Analog 0-1000ppm range Water purity, aquariums
YF-S201 Flow Sensor $3-5 Water flow rate Digital (pulse) 1-30 L/min, 1/2" fitting Smart meters, irrigation monitoring
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic $1-2 Distance (2-400cm) Digital (trigger/echo) ±3mm accuracy; NOT waterproof Indoor tank level, robotics
JSN-SR04T Waterproof $5-10 Distance (20-600cm) Digital (trigger/echo) IP67 waterproof probe Outdoor tank level, water wells
🍃

Air Quality Sensors

Gas detection, particulate matter, CO2, and volatile organic compounds

SensorPriceDetectsInterfaceRangeBest For
MQ-2 $2-4 Smoke, LPG, Methane Analog 300-10000 ppm Gas leak detection, fire alarm
MQ-135 $2-4 NH3, NOx, Benzene, CO2 Analog 10-1000 ppm Indoor air quality
MQ-7 $2-4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Analog 20-2000 ppm CO safety alarm
PMS5003 $15-25 PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10 UART 0-500 µg/m³ Air quality monitor (recommended)
CCS811 $10-15 eCO2 + TVOC I2C 400-8192 ppm CO2 Indoor air quality, HVAC
MH-Z19B $15-25 CO2 (NDIR) UART / PWM 0-5000 ppm Greenhouse CO2, ventilation control
👁

Motion & Position Sensors

PIR motion, GPS, accelerometer, weight, and microwave radar

SensorPriceMeasuresInterfaceRangeBest For
PIR HC-SR501 $1-2 Infrared motion Digital Up to 7m, 120° Security, lighting automation
GPS NEO-6M $5-10 Latitude, longitude, altitude UART Global (with antenna) Asset tracking, vehicle GPS
MPU6050 $2-4 6-axis accel + gyro I2C ±16g, ±2000°/s Motion detection, orientation, robotics
HX711 + Load Cell $1-2 Weight / force Digital (serial) Up to 200kg (with cell) Scales, level by weight, beehive monitor
RCWL-0516 $1-2 Microwave motion Digital 5-7m (through walls) Concealed presence detection
COMMUNICATION

Connectivity
Modules

Short-range, long-range, and cellular communication modules for every IoT scenario. From Bluetooth wearables to 15km LoRa farm networks.

📡

Short Range (up to 100m)

Bluetooth, BLE, and 2.4GHz radio for local device communication

ModulePriceProtocolRangeData RateBest For
nRF24L01+ (with PA/LNA) $1-2 2.4GHz proprietary 100m (1km with PA) 2 Mbps Sensor mesh, remote control
HC-05 / HC-06 $3-5 Bluetooth Classic SPP 10-30m 3 Mbps Serial data, phone pairing
HM-10 BLE $3-6 Bluetooth Low Energy 4.0 30-100m 1 Mbps Low-power beacons, wearables
🛰

Long Range (1-15km)

LoRa, sub-GHz radio for agricultural, rural, and wide-area IoT networks

ModulePriceProtocolRangeFrequencyBest For
SX1278 LoRa $5-10 LoRa (CSS) 10-15km (line of sight) 433/868/915 MHz Farm sensors, rural IoT (recommended)
HC-12 $3-5 UART serial radio 1km (open air) 433 MHz Simple wireless serial link
E32 LoRa (Ebyte) $8-15 LoRa UART 3-8km 433/868/915 MHz Easy LoRa integration, mesh networks
📱

Cellular (Global)

2G/4G modules for remote locations without WiFi infrastructure

ModulePriceNetworkDataFeaturesBest For
SIM800L $5-8 2G GSM/GPRS 85.6 kbps SMS, voice, GPRS data SMS alerts, basic data (budget)
SIM7000 $15-25 4G LTE Cat-M / NB-IoT 375 kbps Low-power LTE, GPS, MQTT Remote IoT, asset tracking
A7670C $15-25 4G LTE Cat-1 10 Mbps Voice, SMS, TCP/HTTP, MQTT Full-speed cellular IoT
DISPLAYS

Displays &
User Interfaces

From tiny OLEDs for status readouts to full-color TFT touchscreens. Plus low-power e-paper for always-on dashboards.

DisplayPriceSizeResolutionInterfaceColorBest For
SSD1306 OLED $2-4 0.96" 128x64 I2C / SPI White/Blue mono Status readout, compact devices (go-to display)
SH1106 OLED $3-5 1.3" 128x64 I2C / SPI White/Blue mono Larger readout, dashboards
LCD 1602 (I2C) $2-4 ~3.2" 16x2 chars I2C (backpack) Blue/Green backlit Simple text readout, industrial
LCD 2004 (I2C) $3-5 ~4" 20x4 chars I2C (backpack) Blue/Green backlit Multi-line data display
ILI9341 TFT $5-8 2.4"-2.8" 240x320 SPI Full color (65K) Graphical UI, charts, touch input
ST7789 TFT $4-7 1.3"-2.0" 240x240 / 240x320 SPI Full color IPS Compact color display, wearables
E-Paper (Waveshare) $10-15 1.54"-4.2" 200x200 to 400x300 SPI Black/White (some tri-color) Always-on labels, low-power dashboards
3D PRINTING FOR IoT

Enclosures &
Custom Parts

Every IoT product needs an enclosure. 3D printing lets you prototype in hours and produce small batches affordably.

🖨

Recommended Printers

  • Ender 3 V3 SE — $200, best beginner FDM
  • Bambu Lab A1 Mini — $300, fast & reliable
  • Prusa MK4 — $800, professional workhorse
  • Dowell 3D — $2,641-$15,994 industrial
$200 - $16,000 range
🎨

Filament Selection

  • PLA — $15-20/kg, easy to print, indoor use
  • PETG — $18-25/kg, water & UV resistant
  • ASA — $25-35/kg, outdoor weather rated
  • TPU — $25-30/kg, flexible gaskets & seals
  • Proto-Pasta — 11 specialty materials
$15 - $45/kg
📦

Enclosure Design Guidelines

  • Wall thickness: 2-3mm for durability
  • IP65 rating: use gaskets + cable glands
  • Snap-fit clips for tool-free assembly
  • Ventilation slots for heat management
  • Mount points for PCB standoffs (M3)
  • Design in Fusion 360 or FreeCAD (free)
Enclosure cost: $0.50-$3
BUILD & SELL

Complete Products
You Can Build Today

Each product includes full BOM, circuit design, firmware, and 3D-printable enclosure. Build cost vs sell price shows the business opportunity.

🌾

Agriculture

Smart farming products with solar power and wireless connectivity

🌱

Smart Irrigation Controller

  • ESP32 + 4x capacitive soil sensors
  • 4-channel relay module for valves
  • 6V 2W solar + TP4056 + 18650
  • WiFi app + weather API integration
  • Auto-schedule + manual override
Build: $25-35 · Sell: $80-120

Weather Station

  • ESP32 + BME280 (temp/hum/pressure)
  • Rain gauge + anemometer + wind vane
  • UV index sensor + BH1750 light
  • OLED display + cloud data logging
  • Solar powered, LoRa optional
Build: $30-45 · Sell: $100-150
🌱

Greenhouse Controller

  • ESP32 + DHT22 + BH1750 light
  • MH-Z19 CO2 sensor
  • Fan + vent actuator relays
  • LCD display + mobile push alerts
  • Auto climate control algorithms
Build: $35-50 · Sell: $120-180
💧

Water Management

Level monitoring, quality testing, and smart metering

💧

Tank Level Monitor

  • ESP32 + JSN-SR04T waterproof ultrasonic
  • Pump relay with auto-fill logic
  • SIM800L for SMS alerts
  • Solar powered, outdoor rated
  • Percentage display + history graph
Build: $15-25 · Sell: $50-80
🧬

Water Quality Monitor

  • ESP32 + pH sensor + TDS meter
  • Turbidity sensor + DS18B20 temp
  • LCD display + WiFi dashboard
  • Alert thresholds + data logging
  • Calibration routines built-in
Build: $40-60 · Sell: $150-200
🚦

Smart Water Meter

  • ESP32 + YF-S201 flow sensor
  • Volume tracking + flow rate display
  • Leak detection (abnormal flow)
  • Cloud dashboard + usage reports
  • Battery or mains powered
Build: $15-25 · Sell: $60-100

Energy

Solar controllers, energy monitoring, and battery management

☀️

Solar MPPT Controller

  • ESP32 + INA219 current/voltage sensor
  • MPPT algorithm for max solar harvest
  • 12V/24V auto-detect
  • BMS integration for battery safety
  • OLED display + WiFi monitoring
Build: $20-35 · Sell: $80-120
🔌

Energy Monitor

  • ESP32 + PZEM-004T power meter
  • Voltage, current, power, kWh tracking
  • Cost calculator with tariff rates
  • Cloud dashboard + anomaly alerts
  • Non-invasive CT clamp installation
Build: $15-25 · Sell: $50-80
🔋

Battery BMS

  • ESP32 + INA219 per cell monitoring
  • Cell balancing + overcharge protect
  • Temperature monitoring per cell
  • State of charge estimation
  • WiFi dashboard + safety cutoffs
Build: $25-40 · Sell: $100-150
🏠

Home Automation

Smart locks, security cameras, and connected switches

🔒

Smart Door Lock

  • ESP32 + RFID RC522 reader
  • R307 fingerprint sensor
  • 4x4 keypad + servo lock
  • Remote app unlock via BLE/WiFi
  • Access logging + visitor alerts
Build: $25-45 · Sell: $100-150
📷

Security Camera

  • ESP32-CAM + OV2640 module
  • PIR motion trigger + IR night LEDs
  • MicroSD recording + WiFi live stream
  • Motion alerts + cloud backup option
  • 3D printed weatherproof housing
Build: $15-25 · Sell: $60-100
💡

Smart Switch 4-Gang

  • ESP32 + 4-channel relay module
  • Touch panel interface
  • WiFi + app control
  • Alexa / Google Home compatible
  • Scheduling + power usage tracking
Build: $12-20 · Sell: $40-60

$214 Complete Starter Kit

Everything you need to build 5+ complete IoT products and 20+ prototypes. Full bill of materials with quantities and pricing.

#ComponentQtyUnit PriceSubtotalPurpose
MICROCONTROLLERS
1ESP32 DevKit V15$4.00$20.00General IoT projects
2ESP32-CAM2$6.00$12.00Camera / vision projects
3ESP32-C3 SuperMini3$3.00$9.00Compact / battery sensors
SENSORS
437-in-1 Sensor Kit1$15.00$15.00DHT11, LDR, PIR, relay, buzzer, etc.
5BME280 Breakout2$3.50$7.00Temperature, humidity, pressure
6DHT22 / AM23023$3.50$10.50Accurate temp + humidity
7Capacitive Soil Moisture4$1.50$6.00Smart irrigation
8DS18B20 Waterproof3$1.50$4.50Water / soil temperature
9HC-SR04 Ultrasonic2$1.00$2.00Distance / level sensing
10PIR HC-SR5013$1.00$3.00Motion detection
POWER SYSTEM
11TP4056 Charging Module5$0.80$4.00LiPo/Li-ion USB + solar charging
1218650 Li-ion Batteries10$2.50$25.00Main power storage
1318650 Battery Holders5$0.60$3.00Single cell holders with leads
146V 2W Solar Panels5$3.50$17.50Solar power for outdoor projects
15MT3608 Boost Converter5$0.50$2.503.7V to 5V boost
16LM2596 Buck Converter3$1.00$3.0012V to 5V/3.3V step-down
DISPLAYS & OUTPUT
17SSD1306 OLED 0.96"3$2.50$7.50Status displays
18LCD 1602 I2C2$2.50$5.00Text readout
194-Channel Relay Module3$2.50$7.50Switching loads, valves, pumps
20Active Buzzer5$0.30$1.50Audio alerts
COMMUNICATION
21SX1278 LoRa Module2$6.00$12.00Long-range communication
22nRF24L01+ PA/LNA4$1.50$6.00Short-range mesh network
PROTOTYPING & 3D PRINTING
23Breadboards (830-point)3$2.00$6.00Prototyping
24Jumper Wire Kit (M-M, M-F, F-F)1$4.00$4.00Connections
25Resistor Kit (assorted)1$3.00$3.00Pull-ups, voltage dividers
26Capacitor Kit (assorted)1$2.00$2.00Filtering, decoupling
27USB Cables (Micro + Type-C)5$1.00$5.00Programming + power
28PLA Filament 1kg1$18.00$18.003D printed enclosures
TOTAL $214.50 Builds 5+ complete products

Where to Buy

RESOURCES

Development
Resources

Software tools, IoT platforms, component suppliers, learning resources, and design tools to take your project from idea to product.

💻 Software & IDEs

  • Arduino IDE 2.x — Primary development environment
  • PlatformIO — VS Code extension, advanced builds
  • ESP-IDF — Official Espressif SDK (production)
  • MicroPython — Python on ESP32 (rapid prototyping)
  • ESPHome — YAML-based, Home Assistant native
  • Thonny — Beginner Python IDE for Pico W

☁️ IoT Platforms

  • Blynk — Mobile app builder, free tier
  • ThingSpeak — MATLAB-powered analytics
  • Home Assistant — Open-source home automation
  • AWS IoT Core — Enterprise MQTT broker
  • Firebase — Real-time database + auth
  • MQTT (Mosquitto) — Lightweight messaging

📦 Component Suppliers

  • AliExpress — Lowest prices, bulk orders
  • Amazon — Fast shipping, Prime eligible
  • Daraz.pk — Pakistan local delivery
  • LCSC Electronics — JLCPCB sister store
  • Mouser / Digikey — Premium, datasheet verified
  • Adafruit / SparkFun — Quality breakouts + tutorials

📚 Learning Resources

  • Random Nerd Tutorials — ESP32 gold standard
  • Last Minute Engineers — Illustrated guides
  • Espressif Docs — Official ESP32 documentation
  • Andreas Spiess — YouTube ESP32 expert
  • DroneBot Workshop — Electronics + Arduino
  • Electronoobs — PCB design tutorials

📐 3D Design & CAD

  • Fusion 360 — Free for personal use (best for IoT)
  • FreeCAD — Open-source parametric CAD
  • TinkerCAD — Browser-based beginner 3D
  • Printables.com — Free STL files for enclosures
  • PrusaSlicer / Cura — Slicing for 3D printing
  • GrabCAD — Engineering model library

⚙️ PCB Design & Manufacturing

  • KiCad 8 — Free professional PCB design
  • EasyEDA — Browser-based, LCSC integration
  • JLCPCB — $2 for 5 PCBs, SMT assembly
  • PCBWay — Flexible PCB, aluminum PCB
  • OSH Park — US-based, purple boards
  • Altium 365 — Cloud collaboration (pro)

Ready to Build?

Start with the $214 starter kit and build your first IoT product in a weekend. Join the YouInvent ecosystem and turn your ideas into sellable products.

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